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This is an illustration of Sir Isaac Newton’s color wheel created by Claude Boutet, a French painter, in 1708.
It is based on Newton’s experiments with beams of white light passed through (first) a glass prism which split the light into 6 colors. Then a second prism was placed in their path, and the 6 colors returned to white light.
The addition of a 7th color - Indigo - was a result of pressure from academicians who insisted there had to be 7 in order to conform to belief in Biblical and musical numerology.
For example: the World was created in seven days, and there are seven notes on the musical scale. So Newton obliged and thus we have the idea of seven colors in the rainbow, which is at odds with the colors of paint (pigment ) and other “color wheels” such as the 4 subtractive colors of a modern printer, or the three colors of an additive system of colored light.
Since Newton’s experiments there has been a storm of controversy and opinion about color, visual perception and its psychological properties.